Impact

Domains Of Security And How They Impact Lives

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Security appears to be synonymously connected to almost every aspect of human existence. Sociologically; society, in all ages has been functioning through contribution of interdependent human interactive silos. Every arears of human interactions although has exclusive social identity, is however, inherently designed to be mutually inclusive of others. To maintain effective functionality, such endeavor must not be threatened by any variable. Whenever any aspect of human interaction is faced with existential threat, it becomes a security concern to the society. Today’s world is increasingly becoming insecure; filled with threats from many fronts. Failed state and political instability, protracted crises and violent conflicts, persistent poverty, natural disasters, epidemics and pandemics, economic meltdown, etc. have imposed hardships on people and decrease chances for peace and stability. The above scenario is challenging to contemporary society; and it posses multiple forms of threats that overlap to create a complex domain of safety concern. Security in the context of this piece refers to a state of freedom from all threats. The concept of threat points to any person, group of persons; and any activity carried out by human, or act any of nature, etc. that has potential to disrupt or terminate the functionality of a subsystem. This “freedom from threats” is expected to translate to efficiency, peace, harmony, growth, development, increase/abundance, progress, advancement, fulfillment, happiness, joy, etc. See below, areas of human endeavor where perception of threat is oftentimes a significant source of concern to society. Human security: this aspect is concern with overall safety and security of people. United Nations refers to it as freedom from want, fear and to live a life of dignity. Anything that threatens dignity of a people is principally robbing such a group their safety. Any society deprived of human security will stagnate and be very far from peace and stability. Job security: this area deals with one’s source of livelihood and the chances that it will remain gainfully active for a reasonably long period without threat. Where this longevity is perceived to be uncertain, fear of insecurity would become the order. Food security: this aspect refers to when all people, at all times have unhindered access to sufficiently safe and nutritious foods that meet their daily needs. Any situation that disrupts food value chain is serious threats to life. Cultural security: this aspect deals with respect and regard for traditions and cultural values, and norms that are unique to a given people in a society. Health security: refers to control measures and activities required to be in place in a society to keep public health system functioning well to guarantee a healthy people. Where there is loss of confidence in public health; such a place is under threat of failed health system. Wealth security: this exists when the treasured possessions of a people are free from threats. Such possession may include technologies, buildings, money, innovations, and other assets. Financial security: this areas refers to freedom from monetary worries and debts, ability to comfortably meet all financial obligations, and availability of enough money for safekeeping. That is a condition of having stable income especially from two or more legitimate sources. Economic security: this domain points to when a society has stable, interrupted and trusted mode of wealth creation and distribution. In order words; it means a system that promotes well-regulated and unhindered flow of value creations, commercial transactions, productions, positive market forces and exchange of values. Information security: in this information age; this aspect focuses on activities centered on keeping information technology and other related infrastructure free from threats. Environmental security: refers to healthy practices of a community that assist to keep the environment free from man-made hazards, and generally promotes sustainable development. These domains highlighted above, and others not mentioned are significant to continue survival of contemporary society. Whenever they are threatened by either activity of human or by natural forces, the impacts can affect society in negative ways. ALSO READ: Determined Attacker – The Secret Destroyer

Climate Change In Nigeria And Its Remarkable Impact In Agriculture

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CLIMATE CHANGE IN NIGERIA AND ITS REMARKABLE IMPACT IN AGRICULTURE

Globally, climate change has impacted the world in remarkable ways from global warming to drastic changes in weather conditions, natural disasters to say but a few.In this article our focus will be on climate change in Nigeria and its remarkable impact in Agriculture i.e.; how it has adversely affected agricultural production. Climate change is defined by World Bank as the significant variation of average weather conditions becoming for example warmer, wetter or drier- over several decades or longer. United Nations refers to it as the long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. According to Price Water Coopers (PWC), Nigeria became committed to the Climate Change Crusade after attending the 2021 UN Climate Change Conference (COP26) which took place between 31st October to 13th November 2021 in Glasgow; committing to achieving net-zero by 2060. Her government after the COP26 signed into law the Climate Change Act, 2021 which was passed by the National Assembly in October 2021. The purpose of the law is to develop and implement mechanisms that will foster low carbon emission and develop a sustainable environment in the country. Pre-Climate Change Act, 2011, unregulated activates such as gas flaring, bush burning, carbon monoxide emission, etc. from refineries, rigs, farming activities, exhaust of cars and burning tyres in abattoirs has depleted the ozone layer significantly. As a result we experience changes in weather conditions (hotter or wetter, etc.) which in the long run affected agriculture negatively. Nigeria has two seasons: rainy and dry season. Before the adverse implication of climate changes, rainy season begins from April – September with July being the peak of the rains and a two week August break and Dry season starting from October to March. Coastal areas usually experience shorter dry seasons and longer rainy season and vice versa for desert areas. Today however, climate change has altered the seasons remarkably. More recently we don’t see rains sometimes till May and April is the peak of the heat; the peak of the rains now is August with the breaks now in September. CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE Climate Change can be caused by either natural or human factors. The activities of man most especially during the industrial revolution has released large amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere which has in turn caused global warming in our world. These causes include: Green House Gases emission: Examples are Carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. These greenhouse gas has increased the greenhouse effect and caused the earth’s surface temperature to rise. Carbon dioxide (CO2): Apart from humans exhaling carbon dioxide, man’s activities like burning coal, oil or natural gas has led to CO2 emission. Reflectivity or Absorption of the Sun’s Energy: This is caused by activities such as agriculture, road construction, deforestation and emissions of small particles (aerosol) into the air. The Earth changing its orbit and rotation. Solar activity variations. Volcanic Eruptions: This can throw Sulphur dioxide (SO2) into the atmosphere. Changes in the ocean’s current. CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS REMARKABLE IMPACT IN AGRICULTURE In Nigeria, the climate change has led to several harmful effects which in turn has affected agricultural production and these effects include: Increase in heat – related mortality, dehydration, and spread of infectious diseases (meningitis). Rising Ocean current, sea levels, fluctuating rainfall has resulted in flooding mostly in the coastal regions in Nigeria. Cancer of the skin as a result of the harsh weather conditions. Hunger, starvation and death as a result of food shortage. Climate change is a threat to Nigerian Food Security because of the unpredictable length and onset of the farming season which has in turn affecting both subsistence and commercial farmers. Nigeria still practices rain fed agriculture. Rain Fed Agriculture is a practice where farmers depend on weather conditions to begin the onset of farming. As a result of this practice, it has rendered her vulnerable to the adverse effect of climate change which includes, soil degradation which resulted in low crop yields. Rain fed Agriculture practice in Nigeria make farmers wait for the rains before the onset of farming and this in turn has led to shortage in food supply, hunger, inflation, pest infestation to mention but a few. Deforestation activities has increased erosion most especially in sloppy areas, leading to depletion in the soil’s nutrients and in turn causing poor farm yield. Climate change causes (greenhouse gases, Sulphur dioxide, etc.) has deposited unhealthy substances in our soil which in turn has caused the underwater layer to be polluted and then resulting in poor agricultural yields. Flooding one of the effects of climate change has made farmers to lose their farm produce which has led to pollution, pest and insect infestation, hunger, starvation and death. With conscious efforts from our government to implement the net-zero by 2060 and the adoption of best practices to reduce the effect of climate change and its remarkable impact in Agriculture, Nigeria can become a giant of Africa in all ramification. Also read: WORK HABITS AND ITS AMAZING EFFECT ON THE HEALTH OF THE EYES. https://thereadywriters.uk/work-habits-health-of-the-eyes/